{"id":2194,"date":"2018-04-15T18:16:34","date_gmt":"2018-04-15T17:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umnagri.net\/?page_id=2194"},"modified":"2018-11-20T18:53:11","modified_gmt":"2018-11-20T17:53:11","slug":"egypt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/umnagri.net\/?page_id=2194&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2194\" class=\"elementor elementor-2194 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37fe84b0 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-content-top animated-fast elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"37fe84b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e4d5287\" data-id=\"7e4d5287\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b18dda3 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"6b18dda3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"55\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/umnagri.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/egypt.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-606\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Egypt<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Central Agricultural Cooperative Union<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79ac8b18 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79ac8b18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-724a4370\" data-id=\"724a4370\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56af17d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56af17d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agriculture in Egypt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea9769f elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea9769f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fc16d1\" data-id=\"8fc16d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7dc47f elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"a7dc47f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Climatic characteristics<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1761\"><div class=\"article_content\"><div id=\"content_container\"><div id=\"detail_content\"><div class=\"article_content\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The climate in Egypt is influenced by several factors such as location, aspects of the surface, the overall system pressure and atmospheric depressions and lakes. All this helped the division of Egypt into several distinct climatic zones are in the dry tropical region, with the exception of the northern entrance included in the greenhouse in the temperate zone which has a similar climate to the Mediterranean sea area, which is characterized by the heat and drought in the summer months and moderation in the winter with little rain, but more abundant on the coast. The climate of Egypt is characterized by two climatic seasons, namely a hot and dry summer months between May and October and mild winters with little rain between November and April.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Temperatures in January are: between <span class=\"mot_cle1\">9-11\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"mot_cle2\">for minimum <\/span> and <span class=\"mot_cle2\"> maximum<\/span> between <span class=\"mot_cle1\">20- 24<\/span> .<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The months of <span class=\"mot_cle2\">July <\/span> and\u00a0<span class=\"mot_cle2\">August \u00a0the minimum <\/span> are between <span class=\"mot_cle1\">21- 25<\/span> \u00b0 C and\u00a0<span class=\"mot_cle2\">the maximum <\/span> between <span class=\"mot_cle1\">37- 42 \u00b0 C<\/span> .<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Crop production<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1762\"><h4>Cereal Crops :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2329\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2329\" id=\"footable_2329\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2329 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Harvest of the legumes :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2331\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2331\" id=\"footable_2331\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2331 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Sugar Culture :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2333\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2333\" id=\"footable_2333\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2333 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Fiber Culture :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2335\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2335\" id=\"footable_2335\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2335 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Forage Culture :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2337\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2337\" id=\"footable_2337\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2337 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Onion and Garlic Crops :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2339\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2339\" id=\"footable_2339\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2339 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Cultures of medicinal and aromatic plants and cut flowers :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2341\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2341\" id=\"footable_2341\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2341 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<h4>Vegetable crops :<\/h4>        <div id=\"footable_parent_2343\"\n             class=\"footable_parent loading_ninja_table wp_table_data_press_parent bootstrap3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <table data-footable_id=\"2343\" id=\"footable_2343\"\n                                                        class=\" foo-table ninja_footable foo_table_2343 table  table-striped table-hover vertical_centered ninja_table_search_disabled\"><\/table>\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Livestock production<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1763\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Proportion of cultivated land<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1764\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Water resources<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1765\"><div class=\"article_content\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Available water resources are mainly the Nile, as an important source of water in Egypt, which amounted to <span class=\"mot_cle2\"> 55.5 billion cubic meters per year<\/span>, according to the Convention of <span class=\"mot_cle2\">1959 <\/span> between Egypt and Sudan, the limited quantities of rainwater and runoff and deep groundwater desert West or East and Sinai are not renewable and can be operated for long periods scheduled by the state of development and water needs.<\/p><h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Nile River :<\/h4><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>Egypt is a gift of the Nile because of its dependence on river water to supply nearly all <span class=\"mot_cle2\">94.3% <\/span>of fresh water, which shows that the national security of Egypt depends on the Nile River. Thus, about sixty-five million people are located around the narrow strip of the Nile valley, which extends south to Aswan Cairo to the north. Delta to the Mediterranean Sea depends entirely on the Nile, both for consumption, agriculture, industry and other economic activities.<\/li><\/ul><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>The flow of the Nile varies-as most rivers &#8211; every year, reaching a minimum of <span class=\"mot_cle2\">42 billion cubic meters \/ year<\/span>, measured at Aswan and its maxima <span class=\"mot_cle2\">150 billion cubic meters \/ year<\/span>. The natural way of the Nile annual flow reached during the current century &#8211; estimated at Aswan &#8211; about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">84 billion cubic meters<\/span>. The Nile waters are discharged into three major basins are the Ethiopian plateau, the plateau lakes and tropical basin Bahr el Ghazal.<\/li><\/ul><h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rainfall and runoff :<\/h4><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>Rainfall is almost non-existent in Egypt, except on the north coast, where rain falls annually on average between <span class=\"mot_cle2\">50-250 mm<\/span>. . On the northwest coast rainfall varies between 50 to 150 millimeters per year and extensive planted barley reaching more than <span class=\"mot_cle2\">100,000 hectares <\/span> in good years. On the northeast coast, rainfall increases as and as we headed east. Their average Arish is <span class=\"mot_cle2\">150 millimeters<\/span>, while they reach up to about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">250 mm <\/span> \u00e0 Rafah.<\/li><li>Based on the average normal winter rains, the volume of rainwater that flows over northern parts of Egypt can be estimated <span class=\"mot_cle2\">(about 200,000 km2) <\/span> in an amount ranging from <span class=\"mot_cle2\">5<\/span> to<span class=\"mot_cle2\">10 billion cubic meters <\/span> per year.This volume flows on the surface a volume between one billion and a half billion cubic meters, much of which evaporates into the atmosphere. The rest seeps into the layers and groundwater recharge.<\/li><li>It should be noted that the water flowing over the surface of the river is lost at sea or in coastal salt marshes.<\/li><li>When the average winter rainfall increases relatively, which is a phenomenon that occurs once every four or five years, the amount of water flowing on the surface can reach up to <span class=\"mot_cle2\">2 billion cubic meters <\/span> and its impact expands to cover larger areas that Egyptian deserts. When the Egyptian territory is exposed to the monsoon phenomenon that occurs once every ten years, the amount of rain that flows on the surface can reach up to <span class=\"mot_cle2\">5 billion cubic meters <\/span> and its impact is noticeable in the areas of Red Sea, South Sinai and the Nile Basin, often causing global environmental damage.<\/li><li>The amount of rain dumped on the Sinai Peninsula is distributed over its various water basins, as well as the amount of rain that flows over the surface and brought out water basins towards the sea <span class=\"mot_cle2\">131 670 000 m3 <\/span>per year, which represents <span class=\"mot_cle2\">5.25 overall <\/span> rainfall.<\/li><\/ul><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>It should be noted that the average annual rainfall across the Egyptian territory is about 8 billion m 3, and the flows are around <span class=\"mot_cle2\">1.8 billion m3<\/span>. This helps to attract and recover the water from these rains in the Sinai, the north coast and the mountain chain of the Red Sea within the limits of <span class=\"mot_cle2\">200<\/span> to\u00a0<span class=\"mot_cle2\">300.000.000 m3 \/ year<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The re-use of agricultural drainage water :<\/h4><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>These waters include the needs of the leaching of soil salts, in addition to system leaks irrigation and sanitation, waste ends of the channels that are not being used, and water and wastewater. This is why these waters are considered of low quality because of its high salinity, mixing with the drainage water , and are often contaminated by chemicals used in agriculture, industry. The salinity of this type of water is between <span class=\"mot_cle2\">700 to 3000 ppm<\/span>.<\/li><\/ul><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>The agricultural drainage water that has been reused are considered one of the main sources on which we can rely for the future development of water resources. It should be borne in mind that the quality of agricultural drainage water has improved and the water treatment side or large stations before mixing with drinking water stations directly, avoiding the mixture with sewage or industrial water to prevent environmental risks arising from the reuse of such water without treatment, while holding the obligation to discharge no less than <span class=\"mot_cle1\">50%<\/span> of the total volume of wastewater into the sea to maintain water balance and salinity in the Nile Delta and prevent an increase in interference effects with sea water aquifer in North Delta.<\/li><\/ul><h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The use of treated wastewater :<\/h4><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>The treated wastewater is considered as one of the sources of water that can be used for irrigation if it meets the proper sanitary conditions. The amount of water treated per year has increased from <span class=\"mot_cle2\">0.26 billion m3 \/ year <\/span> in the early <span class=\"mot_cle2\">ninety years <\/span> to about <span class=\"mot_cle1\">one billion m3 \/ year in 2000<\/span>.It is expected to reach about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">2 billion m3<\/span>. It is used to irrigate crops not intended for human or animal food, the culture of forests in the desert for the production of wood, while focusing on the treatment of this water and separation of agricultural drainage to avoid the health risks of chemical residues on public health and the environment.<\/li><\/ul><h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Groundwater :<\/h4><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>The renewable groundwater aquifers are shared between the Nile Valley (a stock of <span class=\"mot_cle2\">200 billion m3<\/span>) and the Delta (a stock of <span class=\"mot_cle2\">400 billion m3<\/span>).These waters are considered part of the water resources of the Nile. Water is removed from these reservoirs is estimated at about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">6.5 billion m3 <\/span> since <span class=\"mot_cle2\"> 2006<\/span>.<\/li><li>This remains within the safe withdrawal is equivalent to a maximum of about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">7.5 billion m3 <\/span> saccording to estimates by the Institute for Research on groundwater. It also has a good quality water with a salinity of about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">300- 800 ppm <\/span>in the southern areas of the Delta. It is not permissible to let the water drain these tanks in the case of prolonged drought. This water is considered an important strategic value.<\/li><li>It is estimated that the removal of these tanks will approach about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">7.5 billion m3 after 2017<\/span>. Non-renewable aquifers lie under the eastern and western Sahara and the Sinai Peninsula. The most important is the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in Western Sahara whose stock is estimated at <span class=\"mot_cle2\">40,000 billion m3<\/span>. It lies in the north-east Africa and includes the territory of Egypt, Sudan, Libya and Chad. This tank is one of the most important fresh ground water which are not available for use because they are in Egypt in the source depths, which causes an increased cost of pumping and lifting. So what has been removed from these waters is around about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">0.6 billion m3 \/ year<\/span>, which is enough to irrigate about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">150,000 acres <\/span> in the region Owainat.<\/li><\/ul><ul style=\"text-align: justify;\"><li>An increase in the rate of annual harvest is expected at about <span class=\"mot_cle2\">2.5 to 3 billion m3 \/ year<\/span> as withdrawal limit safe and economical. In general, avoid the effects of the expected lower level of the aquifer, and the passage of a culture system to a large system of sporadic operations <span class=\"mot_cle2\">(2000-5000 acres)<\/span> to keep aquifer for long periods.<\/li><\/ul><h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Desalination of seawater :<\/h4><ul><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Due to the length of the coast of Egypt, both on the Mediterranean Sea or the Red Sea and government action over the last two decades to develop tourism and coastal industrial zones, the provision of water resources for the realization of this development is the guarantee of its existence and sustainability.<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">One of the main possible sources of water in coastal areas is desalination, whether sea water or water with high salinity (brackish water).<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none; text-align: justify;\"><\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">The concept of desalination (also known as the process of getting rid of salinity) is the process of removing salt from water. This definition is not new, but the challenge is to develop commercially viable ways. The vast experience gained over the last forty years and improvements in desalination technology has made desalination technology widely accepted and high quality water available for arid regions that were previously deprived of their water source for economic and social development.<\/li><li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Seawater can be exploited after desalination and transformed into soft, a potential to increase water resources in Egypt water sources. It can be used as a catalyst for development in the desert communities, coastal village and tourist communities. Solar and wind energy can be used in desalination instead of transporting electricity or oil to these sites to increase the savings generated by the operation of this water source.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Use techniques<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1766\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1767\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1767\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Number of farmers and social composition in the agricultural sector<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1767\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1767\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1768\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1768\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Products for which there's a self-sufficiency<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1768\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1768\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1769\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1769\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Products that have a deficit<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1769\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1769\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-17610\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-17610\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Imported products<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-17610\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-17610\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-17611\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"11\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-17611\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Exported products<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-17611\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"11\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-17611\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52c8fee8 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52c8fee8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" 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